FIRST BYURAKAN INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL FOR YOUNG ASTRONOMERS

E D W A R D K H A C H I K I A N

Was born in 16 December, 1928, Yerevan, Armenia

Academician of National Academy of Sciences of Armenia (NASA). Professor of Yerevan State University,

Principal investigator and head of scientific group of V.Ambartsumian Byurakan astrophysical observatory (BAO)

of National Academy of Sciences of Armenia.

e-mail address - khache@bao.sci.am

Telephone - 224-216; 641-405; mobile phone (093)321-106

Address: 375012, H.Kochar St., 25, ap.15.Yerevan., Rep. of Arm.

EDUCATION

Graduated from Department of Astrophysics, 1951, Yerevan State University (Armenia);

Ph.D. (Candidate of Physical-Mathematical Sciences), 1957, Leningrad (St.Petersburg) State University (Russia);

Doctor of Physical-Mathematical Sciencies,1975,Yerevan State University (Armenia).

APPOINTMENTS

1951-1952 Junior Research Associate, BAO.

1952-1955 Post-graduate student, Leningrad State University (Russia)

1955-1959 Junior Research Associate, BAO.

1960-1969 Scientific Secretary, ABAO.

1969-1980 Head of Department of Astrospectroscopy, BAO.

1962- 1982 Associate Professor, Yerevan State University

1980-1985 Dean of Physical faculty, Yerevan State University

1982- Full Professor of Astronomy, Yerevan State University

1985-1988 Head of Department, Leading Research Associate, BAO.

1988-1993 Director of BAO.

1993- Leading astronomer and Head of Scientific group, BAO.

1999- 2003 Director of BAO.

1999- 2003 Chairman of Scientific council of BAO.

1999 - Chairman of Special scientific council of BAO on award of Doctor degree.

1999- 2003 Member of Bureau of Department (Branch) of physical-mathematical and technical sciences of NASA

2003- Scientific Adviser of Director of BAO.

SCIENTIFIC COOPERATIONS AND VISITS

1962 (two months) Visiting astronomer, observatories Potsdam and Tautenburg, GDR

1963 (two months) Visiting astronomer, observatories Potsdam and Tautenburg, GDR

1967-1968 (ten months) Visiting astronomer, observatories McDonald, Kitt Peak, Palomar, Lick, USA

1971,1972,1975 Visiting astronomer, observatories Potsdam and Tautenburg, GDR

1973 (May-Oct) Visiting astronomer, observatories McDonald, Kit Peak, Palomar, Lick, USA

1974 Head of Delegation of astronomers of USSR Academy of Sciences in Berlin(Germany), Discussion of Scientific

cooperation between astronomers of Germany and USSR

1974 International Colloquium of CNRS No263, Review Report by Invitation (with Dr.D.Weedman, USA)

1979 Head of Soviet Delegation of Astronomers on the Soviet-Finland astronomical conference, Kevo, Finland

1979 Visiting Professor, Academy of Sciences of Bulgaria (one month

lectures in different Institutes and in National observatory).

1979 Visiting Professor, Academy of Sciences of Italy (one month lectures in different Institutes).

1983 - 1992 President of Committee of Astronomical Council, Academy of Sciences of USSR: "Physics and Evolution of

Galaxies and Metagalaxy".

1983 Member of organizing committee of commission No28 “Galaxies” of International Astronomical Union (IAU ).

1987 Invited report on the International conference "New Idea in Astronomy", Venice, Italy.

1991 – 1994 President, International Astronomical Union (IAU) Commission No28 "Galaxies"

1993 (two months) Visiting Professor, Cornell university, Department of Astronomy, Ithaca, USA

1993 Visiting Pprofessor, Inviting lectures on the scientific seminars of the Universities: Stanford, Boulder, Texas, Cornell as well

as in National Radio-Astronomical Observatory (NRAO ) ( Charlottesville ), Carnegie Institute in Washington ( all in USA ).

1993 Visiting Professor, Inviting lecture in Physical Center, Sacley, France

1993 Visiting Professor, Cornell university, Department of Astronomy, Ithaca, USA

1995 Visiting Professor, Astrophysical Institute, Potsdam,Germany

1997 Visiting Professor, Inviting lecture in Physical Center, Sacley, France.

1997 Visiting Professor, Cornell university, Department of Astronomy, Ithaca, USA.

1999 Invited speaker on one day Symposium dedicated to 60th anniversary of Prof.Terzian birthday.

Cornell university, Department of Astronomy, Ithaca, USA.

2003(one month) Visiting Professor, Inviting lecture in Naval Observatory, Washington, USA.

2004 Visiting Professor, Inviting lectures in Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS) in Zanjan and

on the Meeting of Iranian Astronomical Society in Ferdowsi University of Mashhad ( IRAN).

2003 Member of SOC and Inviting talk of International Astronomical Workshop: AGN VARIABILITY FROM

X-RAYS TO RADIO WAVES”, Crimean Observatory, Ukraine.

MEMBERSHIPS AND PARTICIPATION IN SCIENTIFIC MEETINGS AND SYMPOSIUMS:

Participant of IAU General Assembly (GA), Moscow ,1958.

·Participant of IAU General Assembly (GA), Berkley, USA, 1961.

·Participant of IAU General Assembly (GA), Prague, 1967.

·Member of IAU, from 1967.

Member, Scientific Organizing Committee(SOC),IV European Astronomical Conference Uppsala, Sweden, 1978..

·Head of Delegation of USSR astronomers, IV European Astronomical Conference, Uppsala, Sweden,1978.

·Member of SOC, IAU Colloquium No 78, Asiago, Italy, 1983.

·Head of Delegation of USSR astronomers, IAU Colloquium No 78,Asiago, Italy,1983.

Member, Committee of Time-Allocation for 6-meter Telescope of Academy of Sciences of USSR (now Russian Academy of Sciences), from 1983.

·Member, SOC, IAU Symposium No 119, Bangalore, India,1985.

· Member, Organizing Committee of IAU Commission No 28 "Galaxies",1985.

· Chairman of SOC and Chairman of Local Organizing Committee(LOC), IAU Symposium No 121, Byurakan, Armenia,1986.

· Member, Bureau of Astronomical Council, Academy of Science of USSR, 1986.

· Editor of Proceedings of Symposium No121 of IAU “ Observational Evidence of Activity in Galaxies ” ( co-editors K.Fricke, D.Melnik).1987.

· Member, Scientific Council "Ground Optical Astronomy", AS of USSR, from 1988.

· Member, SOC,IAU Symposium No 134,Santa-Cruz,USA,1988.

· Head of Delegation of USSR astronomers, IAU Colloquium No 124, Alabama, USA,1989.

· Member of Delegation of Armenian Academy of Sciences on the "First World

Congress of Armenian Scientists and Engineers", Los Angeles,USA,1989.

· Participant of GA of IAU in Buenos Aires, Argentina , 1991. Elected of President of Commission No28, “Galaxies”.

· President of the commission No28 “Galaxies” of IAU. 1991-1994.

· Member, International Advisory Committee, XIII-th Moriond Astrophysical Meeting "The Cold Universe", Les Arcs, France 1993.

· Chairman, SOC of Joint Discussion No 5, XXII-th General Assemble of IAU, The Hague, The Netherlands,1994.

· Member of the Committee of the Division VIII "Galaxies and Cosmology" of IAU, 1994.

· My name is included in the Twelfth Edition of Marquis "Who is Who in the World"(1996).

· Participant of GA of IAU in Kyoto, Japan, Poster. 1997.

· Chairman, SOC of IAU Symposium No194: " Activity in Galaxies and Related Phenomena", dedicated to the 90th anniversary

of V.Ambartsumian. 1998, Byurakan, Armenia.

· Editor, Proceedings of IAU Symposium No 194 :" Active Galactic Nuclei and Related Phenomena" (with Ye.Terzian and D.Weedman). 1999.

· Participant of GA of IAU in Manchester , England 2000.

· Deputy Editor of the scientific journal of National Academy of Sciences of Armenia “ ASTROFIZIKA”, 2000.

· Chairman, SOC of IAU Colloquium No184 “Surveys of Active Galaxies”, Byurakan , Armenia. 2001.

· Editor of the Proceedings of IAU Colloquium No184 “Surveys of Active Galaxies” (with D.Sanders & R.Green). 2003.

· Participant of IAU General Assembly in Sydney, Australia, 2003, invited lecture.

· Member of SOC of International Astronomical Symposium, 2004 : "AGN VARIABILITY FROM X-RAYS TO RADIO WAVES".

and invited lecture : "On variability of Markarian 6" .

·Main Editor of Communications of Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory.

Adviser of 12 graduate students, 8 from which already have defend of Ph.D. thesis (candidate nauk) and one Doctor of sciences.

·I have published more than 160 scientific articles ( see Bibliography )

·My name is included in the book "The Cosmic Century: a History of Twentieth Century Astrophysics and Cosmology " (2006) (Cambridge University Press).

In this book are included and discussed the most outstanding works of scientist in field of Astrophysics and Cosmology.

PRIZES AND GRANDS AWARDED:

1. By National Academy of Sciences of Russia: “For the investigations of Active Galaxies”(1990).

2. Armenian Engineers and Scientists of America Presents its 1998 Victor Ambartsumian Achievement Award t o

ACADEMICIAN EDWARD KHACHIKIAN for his outstanding contributions to the field of Astrophysics.

3. By ESO ( EUROPEAN SOUTH OBSERVATORIES) : “ For the investigation of groups of galaxies”(1993-1994).

4. ANSEF 1. {Armenian National Science & Education Fund (USA)} (2001).

5. ANSEF 2. (2004).

6. ANSEF 3. (2006).

7. "The Badge of Honor "

8. The Medal for "Distinguished public service during the Great Patriotic War 1941-45 years".

9. "The Honorary Diploma of the Supreme Soviet of the Armenia".

10. The Honorary Diploma of the NASA of the Armenia – " Govestagir ".

11. The Honorary Diploma of the NASA of the Armenia - " Wastakagir " ( "Services to Science")

THE SHORT MAIN SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITY (in the subject “Observational Astronomy”)

The scientific activity of Prof. E.Khachikian covers different sphere of astrophysics. The objects of his investigations are diffuse and cometary nebulae, dust nebulae, comets, normal and active galaxies, Seyfert and Markarian galaxies, stellar associations and superassociations (Gigant HII regions), violent starburst regions and so on.

Prof.E.Khachikian is outstanding observer, who had a chance to observe with the largest telescopes in the USA, Russia and Germany ( see below).

More than 160 scientific articles and reviews have been published as a result of his scientific activity.

At the beginning of his scientific career in 1955, E.Khachikian for the first time detected, that the radiation of the Crab nebula (M1) strongly polarized [1]. Using not large Schmidt camera ( 20 cm) and new method of photographic observation with two-stories plate-holder he discover, that the polarization of Crab nebula rich in some places up to 50-60%! Well-known astrophysics I.Shklovski in his book “Supernova stars” [2] write: “ …. E.Khachikian discover that the degree of polarization changes over the nebula reaching for the some regions to record higher for the astrophysics volume 50-60%! Moreover Khachikian for the first time discover, that in the same large region of the nebula the directions of electrical vectors are very much close to each other, which indicate significant uniform of magnetic field in Crab nebula - the result fairly unexpected!…” This result conclusive confirmed theoretical prediction by I.Shklovski synchrotron mechanism of radiation of this nebula. This result of Khachikian stimulated the work of Garibyan and Goldman [3], in which it was shown theoretically that by synchrotron mechanism of radiation the degree of polarization can reach 73%. One year later J.Oort and Th.Walraven [68] confirmed

Khachikian’s result.

Pioneer works of E.Khachikian on spectrophotometrical and polarimetrical investigations of cometary nebulae are also well-known [4-11]. Together with an American astrophysicist from Calthech J.Greenstein he with collaborators discovered anisotropic outflow from the nuclei of cometary nebulae NGC 2261 R Моn and Bernes 48 [12- 17], using high quality spectrophotometric data observed with 5 m Palomar telescope. For the first time he discovered in NGC 2261 forbidden double emission lines[OII] λλ 3726 и 3729, which gave possibility at once to estimate electron density in NGC 2261 / 18, 19 /.

At the end of 1960th the field of Khachikian’s scientific interests turn to extra-Galactic astronomy. In 1967- 68 ( during 8 months ) and then in 1973 ( during 6 months ) Khachikian visited in USA and with the largest telescopes in Mc-Donald (82-inch and 2.7 m ), Kitt-peak (84-inch and 4 m ), Palomar ( 5m and 42-inch ), Lick ( 3m and 36-inch Crosslay ) carried out the important observations of number of galaxies with strong ultraviolet excess (UV- galaxies), discovered in BAO by Dr.B.Markarian at the beginning of 60^th. Besides he made large number of observations with 6 m. telescope of Special Astrophysical Observatory(SAO) of Russia and with the largest in the world 2m Schmidt telescope of Tautenburg observatory German .

As a result of these enormous observations E.Khachikian received following significant results :

1) In the course of observations in Mc- Donald and Kitt-Peak observatories in 1967-68 among the first 70 UV- galaxies six new Seyfert(Sy) galaxies have been discovered ( No 1, 3, 6, 9, 10 and 42 in the Markarian’s first list of UV- galaxies ), that of, the number of known that time Sy galaxies increased almost two time! Moreover No 9 and No10 by absolute luminosity filled up the gap which was existing between normal giant galaxies and Quasars. E.Khachikian after these discovers have been invited for the talk on International Conference about Sy galaxies in Tucson [20](Arizona, February 1968)[ 21]. In this Conference the UV-galaxies from Markarian list E.Khachikian named as “Markarian galaxies”( Mark.9, Mark.10 ) [22-25], which now is used everywhere in astronomical literature.

2) Together with American astronomer D.Weedman he ascertain the fact that 10% of UV-galaxies from Markarian list turn out to be Sy galaxies [26,27]. As in BAO have been discovered 1500 UV-galaxies therefore lot of Sy galaxies have been discovered, which gave E.Khachikian and D.Weedman possibility for the statistical investigations. As a result they discovered two type of Sy galaxies: Sy1 and Sy2, the physical nature of they differences still to the last is not clear. This classification is accepted in the astronomical literature ( see for example D.Osterbrock [28 ], B.Peterson [29], I.Robson [30] ) and included in J.Hopkins: “ Glossary of Astronomy and Astrophysics “, 1976[31] with the foreword by Nobel Prize S.Chandrasekhar,( under the title “Seyfert Galaxies”).

3) E.Khachikian with D.Weedman for the first time published “ Atlas of Seyfert galaxies” [32].

4) For the first time in the history of Astronomy E.Khachikian together with D.Weedman observed the ejection from the nucleus of Sy galaxy Mark.6 (during

one year) a Hydrogen cloud with the velocity 3000 km/s, as a result of this event new broad emission components of Hydrogen Balmer emission lines have

been detected [33, 34]. After this work Mark.6 became the object of intensive study [35-37]. E.Kachikian together with V.Ambartsumia and N.Yengibarian

suggested a theoretical model for the explanation of this phenomenon[38].

In the summer of 2004 in Crimean observatory {Ukraina) took place International Conference on variability of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and E.Khachikian

was invited for the talk as a one of founder of spectral variability of AGN.

5) E.Khachikian on the base of his observation for the first time makes the spectral classification UV-galaxies [22].

6) The great significance had for the understanding the physics and evolution of AGNs the article of E.Khachikian and H.Arp (USA) on Mark.94 [39]. They have shown that Mark.94 is NOT a nucleus of galaxy, but it is just the Superassociation(SA) in spiral galaxy III Zw 0834+51. Later Khachikian with K.Sahakian detected and in detailed investigated some ten this type of objects among UV-galaxies [40-43]. It is known, that SA exist in nuclei of galaxies as well as in intergalactic space ( so called Sargent – Searle objects [44]). According to Ambartsumian conception on origination of stars and star-complexes from protostellar dens matter ( Ambartsumian et all. [45] ) E.Khachikian came to idea that protostellar bodies exist everywhere in the space. He maintains that one of form of activity of galaxies is formation of SA.

7) The number of articles of E.Khachikian ( carried out with his collaborators during last two decades ) on discovery and detailed spectrophotometrical and photometrical investigation of UV- galaxies with double and multiple nuclei have of great importance for the cosmogony ( 46-61) . The main results on these objects partly are expounded in the reviews and articles, published in Proceedings of International Astronomical Union (IAU) Symposiums: No 44 (1972), [25] ; No121 (1987) [62]; No 194 (1999)[63]; No217 (2004) [58]; in colloquium IAU No 184 (2002) [64]; as well as in international conferences: “ STAR AND STELLAR SYSTEMS” (1979)[65]; “NEW IDEAS IN ASTRONOMY” (1988)[53]; in the Proceedings of French Symposium “ THE COLD UNIVERSE” (1994) [56]. In these works on the base of large observational material, carried out with large telescopes, the physical nature of same double and multiple nuclei UV-galaxies interpreted by unusual large activity of central parts of galaxies in contrary to widespread opinion that double-nuclear and multinuclear galaxies are the result of casual mergers and/or colliding of independent two or more galaxies. This idea was popular 50 years ago when well-known American astronomers Baade and Minkowski[66] identified radio-source Cygnus-A with double-nuclear galaxy and suggested idea of colliding. But then this idea was refused by many astronomers ( G.Burbidge, I.Shklovski) ( see for example [67] ).

Latest works of E.Khachikian and his collaborators [38, 56-61, 63] convince that in many cases in the central morphologically complicate regions of active galaxies with double and multiple nuclei as well as in double-nucleus galactic systems there are no any indication for the casual mergers and/or colliding of independent galaxies. E.Khachikian discover so many double and multiple nucleus that well-known American astronomer-observer Margarit Burbidge in her comment to E. Khachikian’s talk ( [53] p.118 in “Discussion” ) said: “It is very fashionable at the moment to talk about “mergers” of galaxies to explain unusual morphology, but it seems to me that there are too many of these double nuclei for them to be accounted for as “mergers“ of previously separate galaxies”.

It is necessary to note that the last works of E.Khachikian with co- authors [59, 60] once more conform the statement that there are double- nucleus objects (Mark.266, "twin-galaxies") and active physically connected galactic systems (Mark.261, Mark.262 with surroundings), where are absents any evidences for the casual colliding or merging of galaxies.

Prof. E.Khachikian since 1968 was teaching in V.Ambartsumian Astrophysical Department of Yerevan State University different courses of astrophysics (stellar astronomy, general astrophysics, telescopes and astronomical receivers, extra-Galactic astronomy. At present he is teaching for the students of the last class the extra-Galactic astronomy and cosmogony.

MAIN ACADEMIC ACTIVITIES

you can find in Curriculum Vita of E.Khachikian, but bellow we give more important data

1. 1980-1985 Dean of Physical faculty, Yerevan State University

2. 1988-1993 Director of BAO.

3. 1962- 1982 Associate Professor, Yerevan State University

4. 1982- Full Professor of Astronomy, Yerevan State University

5. 1993- Leading astronomer and Head of Scientific group, BAO.

6. 1999- 2003 Director of BAO.

7. 1999- Chairman of Special scientific council of BAO on award of Doctor degree.

8. 2003- Scientific Adviser of Director of BAO

9. 1982-1993 President of Committee of Astronomical Council, Academy of Sciencies of USSR:

"Physics and Evolution of Galaxies and Metagalaxy".

10. 1991-1994 President of Commission No28 "Galaxies" of International Astronomical Union (IAU)

11. 1993 Visiting Professor, Inviting lectures on the scientific seminars of the Universities: Stenford, Boulduer, Texas, Cornell as well as in

National Radio-Astronomical Observatory (NRAO ) ( Sharlotswille ), Carnegi Institute in Washington ( all in USA ).

12. 1967 Member of IAU. Prof. Khachikian was: Chairman of SOC-s and Editor of Proceedings of IAU Symposiums:

No121: « Observational Evidence of Activituy in Galaxies » ( co-editors K.Fricke, D.Melnik), 1987, Byurakan , Armenia;

No194: " Active Galactic Nuclei and Related Phenomena", (co-aditors D.Weedman Ye.Terzian), 1999, Byurakan, Armenia: and IAU Colloquium;

No184: “Surveis of Active Galaxies” (with D.Sanders & R.Green). 2002, Byurakan , Armenia.

· Chairman of SOC of Joint Discussion No 5, XXII-th General Assemble of IAU, The Hague, The Netherlands,1994.

· Deputy Editor of the scientific journal of National Academy of Sciences of Armenia “ ASTROFIZIKA”, ( from 2000).

* Adviser of 12 graduate students.

His name is included in the book “The Cosmic Century: a History of Twentieth Century Astrophysics and Cosmology” (2006) (Cabridge University Press).

In this book are included and discussed the most outstanding works in field of Astrophysics and Cosmology.

BIBLIOGRAPHY of Prof.E.Ye.Khachkian’

1. "On the polarization of Crab Nebula",1955,Dokl.Acad.Sci.Armenia, v.21, 63

2. "On the shine of IC 432 nebula", 1956, Dokl.Acad.Sci.Armenia, v.23, 49.

3. "On the shine of IC 432 nebula", 1956, Non-stable stars, ( Publ.Acad.Sci.Armenia Yerevan).

4. "The measuring of polarization and colour of nebulae NGC 7023 and NGC 2023, 1957, Proceed. Acad. Sci. Armenia, v. 10,107.

5. "On the polarization of Crab Nebula",1957,Comm. of Byurakan obs.v.23, 19.

6. "Observations of Comet Mrkos 1957d",1957,Astron.Tsirk.,No 186,3 (with L.Mirzoyan).

7. "Polarimetry of cometary nebula NGC 2261", 1958, Comm.of Byurakan obs.25, 19.

8. "The investigation of Comet Mrkos 1957d.I.",1959,Comm.of Byurakan obs., v.26, 35 (L.Mirzoyan)

9. "The investigation of Comet Mrkos 1957d.II.",1959,Comm.of Byurakan obs.27,15 (L.Mirzoyan).

10. "Observations of artifical comet in Byurakan", 1959, Astron. Tsirk.No 205, 2, (M.Kazarian).

11. "On the polarization of nebulae", 1961,The Problems of Cosmogony, v.7, 333

12. "On the polarization of NGC 2261",1962,Comm.of Byurakan obs., v.30, 45 (N.Kalloglian).

13. "On the polarization of Omega nebula",1964,Comm. of Byurakan obs., 35, 25.

14. "New measuring of polarization of NGC 2261",1964,Comm.of Byurakan obs., 35, 71, (E.Parsamian).

15. "Colourimetrical investigation of cometary nebula Anon 6^h4^m",1965, Astrofizika, 1, 417, (E.Parsamian).

16. "Observation of Everkhard comet(1964h) in Byurakan", 1966, Comm.of Byurakan obs., 37, 48 (R.Ephremian).

17. "Polarimetrische und Kolorimetrische Untersuchungen am Crab-Nebel.1", 1966, Astron. Nachrichten, 289, 23 (F.Borngen, Germany).

18. "Polarimetrische und Kolorimetrische Untersuchungen am Crab-Nebel.II", 1966, Astron. Nachrichten, 289, 253 (F.Borngen(Germany)).

19. "Colourimetry of galaxy NGC 6946.I", 1966, Astrofizika, 2, 431 (F.Borngen(Germany), A.Kalloglian, J.Einatian).

20. "Observation of Ikeya-Seci comet in Byurakan", 1967, Comm. of Byurakan obs., 39, 38 (R.Vardanian, R.Ephremian, M.Kazarian).

21. "On the changing of polrization of Crab-Nebula", 1967, Astrofizika, 3, 581 (J.Einatian).

22. "Two new Seyfert galaxies from Markarian's list of galaxies with strong UV", 1968 Proceed. Conf. of Seyfert Galaxies and Related Objects,

Tucson, USA, p.31.

23. "Two new Seyfert galaxies", 1968, Astrophys. Journal, 152, 2 (H.Arp,R.Lynds D.Weedman, all from USA)

24. "Two new Seyfert galaxies", 1968, Astron.Journal, 73, 891.

25. "Spectral observations of Markarian galaxies with UV continuum.I", 1968, Astrofizika, 4, 587 (D.Weedman(USA)).

26. "Spectral observations of Markarian galaxies with high dispersion",1968, Proceed.Symp."Stars,nebulae and galaxies",

p. 233 (D.Weedman(USA)).

27. "Spectral observations of Markarian galaxies with UV continuum.II", 1969, Astrofizika, 5, 113 (D.Weedman(USA)).

28. "Two new Seyfert galaxies", 1969, Astron.Tsirk. No 506, 1(D.Weedman(USA)).

29. "Spectral structure and distribution of stellar associations in NGC 6946", 1970, Proceed.IAU Symp. No 38, Basel, p.87(K.Sahakian).

30. "The Galaxies with ultraviolet excess", 1970, Plenum ( Proceedings )of Astronomical Council of Academy of Sciences of USSR,

Byurakan, Armenia, р.4.

31. "Colourimetry of galaxy NGC 6946.II", 1970, Astrofizika, 6, 177(K.Sahakian).

32. "Appearance of new details in the spectra of galaxy Mark 6", 1970, Astron.Tsirk., No 591, р. 2 (D.Weedman(USA)).

33. "Detection of emission line 3727[OII] in the spectrum of cometary nebula NGC 2261", 1970, Astron.Tsirk. No 592, р.2 (M.Kazarian).

34. "The Byurakan Observatory in Soviet Armenia", Sky and Telescope, 1971, volume ,

35. "A new cloud of hydrogen emission in a galactic nucleus", 1971, Astrophys. Journal, 164, L 109. (D.Weedman(USA)).

36. "A spectroscopic study of luminous galactic nuclei", 1971, Astrofizika, 7, 389 (D.Weedman(USA)).

37. "A spectroscopic study of luminous galactic nuclei", 1971, Bull.American Astron.Soc., March (D.Weedman(USA))

38. "Physical conditions in Seyfert type galaxies Markarian 9, 10 and 42", 1972, Proceed.IAU Symp. No 44, Uppsala, Sweden, p.160.

39. "Spectrophotometric study of cometary nebula NGC 2261", 1972, Astrofizika, 8, 17(M.Kazarian).

40. "Determination of z for irregular galaxy NGC 4433", 1972, Astron.Tsirk. No 698(G.Panosian).

41. "Spectral study of galaxy Mark 8", 1972, Astrofizika, 8, 529.

42. "Spectral observation of galaxy Mark 6", 1973, Astrofizika, 9, 39(P.Notni Germany).

43. "On the physical peculiarity of the nucleus of Mark 6", 1973, Astrofizika, 9, 139.

44. "Spectral study of irregular galaxy NGC 520", 1973, Astrofizika, 9, 157.

45. "Mark.474-Seyfert galaxy of first type", 1973, Astrofizika, 9, 509(H.Arp(USA)).

46. "Colourimetry of nebulae NGC 6914b and Parsamian 22", 1973, Comm.of Byurakan obs., 39, 38(J.Einatian).

47. "The new QSO", 1974, Astron.Tsirk. No813, 2 (B.Carswell(USA), M.Kazarian).

48. "The remarkable pair of starlike objects near Mark 261-262",1974, Astrofizika, 10, 7,{H.Arp(USA), J.Heidmann(France)).

49. "Determination of z for irregular galaxy NGC 5360", 1974, Astrofizika, 10, 297 (W.Sargent(USA),N.Andreassian).

50. "Mark 94 and its connection with galaxy IIIZw0834+51",1974,Astrofizika, 10, 173, (H.Arp(USA)).

51. "Determination of redshift of blue object near NGC 520", 1974, Astrofizika, 10, 298, (H.Arp(USA), W.Sargent(USA), N.Andreassian).

52. "A blue galactic nucleus with featureless spectrum", 1974, Astrophys. Journal, 189, L 99,(D.Weedman(USA)).

53. "An atlas of Seyfert galaxies", 1974, Astroph.Journal, 192, 581(D.Weedman(USA)).

54. "Spectral observations of six new galaxies with UV excess", 1974, Astrofizika, 10, 477(M.Kazarian).

55. "Mark 459-the member of triplet system of galaxies", 1974, Astrofizika, 10, 625(H.Arp(USA), N.Andreassian).

56. "Spectral investigation of Irr galaxy NGC 520", 1974, Proceed.Acad.Sci. Armenia, Physics, 9, 177.

57. "On one form of activity in galaxies", 1975, Astrofizika, 11, 207(K.Sahakian).

58. "On the electron density of cometary nebula NGC 2261", 1975, Pis'ma v Astron.Zhurnal, 1, 26(J.Greenstein(USA), M.Kazarian).

59. "On the three interesting pairs of galaxies", 1976, Astronomische Nachrichten, v.297, 287.

60. "Spectrophotometrical investigation of R Mon and NGC 2261.I", 1976, Astrofizika, 12, 586, (J.Greenstein(USA),T.Magakian,M.Kazarian).

61. "The Hubble diagram for Seyfert galaxies and related objects", 1976, Proceed. Colloq.Int. of CNRS , No263,Paris, p.411(D.Weedman(USA)).

62. "Spectral and morphological study of UV galaxies.I. NGC6306", 1977, Astrofizika, 13, 415 (M.Kazarian).

63. "On the distance of R Mon and NGC 2261", 1977,Astron.Tsirk. No947, 1 (J.Greenstein(USA),T.Magakian, M.Kazarian).

64. "UV galaxies with double and multiple nuclei.II.", 1978, Astrofizika, 14, 69 (A.Petrosian,K.Sahakian).

65. "Spectral and morphological study of UV galaxies.II.Haro 15", 1978, Astrofizika, 14, 263(A.Egiazarian, M.Kazarian).

66. "Spectrophotometrical study of Sy galaxy Mark 348», Astrofizika, 14, 603, (V.Esipov(Russia),V.Popov (Bulgaria)).

67. "On the activity of nuclei of UV galaxies", 1978, Problems of physics and evolution of Universe, Acad. of Sci.

of Armenia Press,Yerevan. p.423.

68. "Revealing of the new structual details in the H-beta line profile in the Mark.372 spectrum by Fourier-analysis of space frequencies",

1979, Astrofizika, 15, 189(V.Popov(Bulgaria), R.Sarkisian).

69. "Spectral study of UV galaxies with double and multiple nuclei.I", 1979, Astrofizika, 15, 209(A.Petrosian, K.Sahakian).

70. "Spectral study of UV galaxies with double and multiple nuclei.II", 1979, Astrofizika, 15, 373(A.Petrosian,K.Sahakian).

71. "Spectrophotometrical study of M82 type Irr galaxies NGC 972 and NGC 4433", 1979, Astrofizika, 15, 577 (N.Andreassian).

72. "On the activity of nuclei of galaxies", 1979, Proceed.Symp.: Star and Stellar Systems, Uppsala, Sweden, p107.

73. "Spectrophotometrical investigation of R Mon and NGC 2261.II",1979, Astrofizika, 15, 615 (J.Greenstein(USA), T.Magakian,M.Kazarian).

74. "Spectrophotometrical study of nucleus Sy Markarian 308", 1980, Astrofizika, 16, 39(V.Popov(Bulgaria)).

75. "Some peculiarities of emission lines in the spectra of four SyI galaxies", 1980, Astrofizika, 16, 207(V.Popov(Bulgaria)).

76. "The spectra of four UV galaxies with double nuclei", 1980, Pis'ma v Astron.Zhurnal. 6, 262(A.Petrossian, K.Sahakian).

77. " Active Galaxies", 1980, Zemlya and Vselennaya p.31, Publ.of Academy of Sciences of USSR, Moscow.

78. "The spectral study of the galaxy with double nucleus", 1980, Astrofizika, 16, 589(A.Petrossian,K.Sahakian).

79. "Spectral investigation of double nucleus galaxy Mark 266", Astrofizika, 16, 621(A.Petrosian,K.Sahakian).

80. "The spectra of same Markarian galaxies with double nuclei", 1980, Pis'ma v Astron.Zhurnal, 6, 552(A.Petrosian,K.Sahakian).

81. "On the blue object near Mark 123", 1980, Astron.Tsirk. No 1132, 7, (A.Petrosian,K.Sahakian).

82. "Active galaxies", 1981, Proceed.Acad.Sci.Armenia, Physics, 16, 134.

83. "Morphology of nine galaxies with UV-excess with double and multiple nuclei", 1981, Astrofizika, 17, 231(Yu.Korovyakovsky,

A.Petrosian, K.Sahakian).

84. "Spectrophotometrical study of one QSO", 1981, Astrofizika, 17, 661(M.Kazarian).

85. "Spectral and morphological investigation of UV galaxies.III", 1982, Astrophys.Space Science, 82, 105 (M.Kazarian,A.Egiazarian).

86. "On the peculiarity of the rotationcurve of NGC 2814", 1982, Astrofizika, 18, 337 (N.Andreassian).

87. "The observation of Mark 673 and 686", 1982, Pis'ma v Astron.Zhurnal, 8, 27 (A.Petrosian,K.Sahakian).

88. "On the galaxy Mark 6 and the problem of intermediate class Sy1.5", 1982, Astrofizika, 18, 337 (V.Popov(Bulgaria),A.Egiazarian).

89. "The double and multiple nuclei in UV- Galaxies “, 1982, p. 67. IV Soviet-Finnish Astronomical Meeting, Publ. House of the

Academy of Sciences of Armenia.

90. "On double nucleus galaxy Mark 739 and 789", 1983, Astrofizika, 19, 171, (A.Petrosian,K.Sahakian).

91. "Spectral and morphological study of Mark 303 and 313", 1983, Astrofizika, 19, 239, (A.Petrosian).

92. "Spectral study of Mark 201", 1983, Astrofizika, 19, 393(A.Burenkov(Russia), A.Petrosian).

93. "On the spectra of Irr galaxy NGC 2968", 1983, Astrofizika, 19, 575(N.Andreassian).

94. "Superassociations(giant HII regions) in spiral galaxies with UV excess.I",1983, Astrofizika, 19, 619 (A.Petrosian,K.Sahakian).

95. "On the velocities field in Mark 7", 1983, Astrofizika, 19, 826 (A.Burenkov(Russia)).

96. "UV-galaxies", 1983, Highlights of Astronomy, v.6, 4559.

97. "On the galaxies Mark 319 and 321", 1983, Astron.Tsirk. No1277(A.Petrosian).

98. "Superassociations in spiral galaxies with UV-excess.II", 1984, Astrofizika, 20, 51, (A.Petrosian, K.Sahakian).

99. "Superassociations in spiral galaxies with UV-excess.III", 1984, Astrofizika, 21, 557, (A.Petrosian, K.Sahakian).

100. "Spectral study of Mark 111", 1984, Astrofizika, 21, 433 (A.Burenkov(Russia), A.Petrosian, K.Sahakian).

101. "On the four pairs of galaxies,which contains UV-excess galaxy", 1984, Pis'ma v Astron.Zhurnal, 10, 403,

(A.Petrosian,K.Sahakian,A.Burenkov).

102. "UV-galaxies and superassociations", 1984, Proceed. IAU Colloq.No78, Asiago, Italy, p.427.

103. "Evidences of activity by different morphological type of galaxies with UV-excess", 1984, The probleme of theory

of superdense celestial bodies,Yerevan Univ.Press p.195.

104. "The investigation of superassociations in spiral galaxies with UV-excess", 1984, Comm.of Byuraka obs., 57, 62,

(A.Petrosian,K.Sahakian).

105. "On some new UV galaxies with jets", 1985, Astrofizika, 22, 229, (A.Petrosian,K.Sahakian).

106. "Spectrophotometric study of superassociations in NGC2820A", Astrofizika, 22, 441(N.Andreassian).

107. "Morphology and spectroscopy of UV excess galaxies", 1985, in "Physics", Yerevan State University, No5, р.149.

108. "The study of Mark 306", 1986, Astrofizika, 24, 5 (A.Petrosian, M.Turatto, Italy).

109. "The spectrophotometric study of NGC 4922", 1986, Astrofizika, 24, 17, (N.Andreassian).

110. "The spectrophotometric study of NGC 3353", 1986, Astrofizika, 24, 349, (A.Burenkov, Russia).

111. "Markarian galaxies and star formation regions", 1986, Comm.of Special Astr.Obser.of Russian AS, v.50, р.39.

112. "Bernes 48-the object with optically observed anisotropic jet", 1986, Proceed.Symp.:

"Flare stars and related objects",Yerevan, p.265 (T.Magakian).

113. "Spectrophotometric study of Mark 171", 1986, Astrofizika, 25, 507(N.Andreassian A.Burenkov(Russia)).

114. "Spectra of nucleus of NGC 6240", 1987, Proceed.IAU Symp.No121, Byurakan, Armenia, p.41 (N.Andreassian).

115. "UV-galaxies", 1987,Proceed. IAU Symp.No121, Byurakan, Armenia,p.65.

116. "Anomalous spectra of cometary nebulae", 1987, in "Active nuclei and stellar cosmogony", Moscow Univ. Press,

p.205 (T.Magakian).

117. "Spectrophotometry of Mark 367, 449 and 1119", 1987, Astrofizika, 26, 399 (A.Burenkov(Russia), A.Petrosian).

118. "Mark 277-Irr galaxy with condensations", 1987, Astrofizika, 27, 103, (N.Andreassian,A.Burenkov(Russia)).

119. "The spectral study of peculiar galaxy NGC 6240", 1987, Astrofizika, 27, 265 (N.Andreassian).

120. "The detailed spectrophotometrical study of Mark 307»,1987, Astrofizika, 27, 409, (A.Burenkov(Russia),

A.Petrosian, K.Sahakian).

121. "Galaxies with double nuclei", 1987, in "New Ideas in Astronomy", Ed.by F.Bertola et all, Venice, Italy, p.11.

122. "Spectrophotometrical study of galaxies with UV excess. ", 1987, Comm.of Byurakan Obs., 60, 3 (A.Egiazarian).

123. "Spectrophotometrical study of galaxies with UV excess.IX", 1987, Comm. of Byurakan Obs., 61, 13 (A.Egiazarian).

124. "Bernes 48-the object with optically observed anisotropic jet", 1988, Astrofizika, 28, 139 (T.Magakian).

125. "Detailed spectrophotometrial and morphological study of Mark 1118", Astrofizika, 29, 223 (A.Burenkov(Russia),

A.Petrosian,A.Sarkisian).

126. "The dwarf galaxy Mark 5", 1988, Astrofizika, 29, 541(A.Burenkov(Russia), A.Petrosian,K.Sahakian).

127. "Anomalous spectra of cometary nebulae", 1988, Trans.Sternberg State Astrоn.Inst., v.60, р.274(T.Magakian).

128. "The new double Markarian galaxies", 1989, Proceed.IAU Symp.No134, Santa-Cruz, p.445 (A.Petrosian, K.Sahakian).

129. "Galaxy Markarian 323", 1989, Pis'ma v Astron.Zhurnal,15, р.1059, (A.Petrosian,K.Sahakian).

130. "A study of the compact group of galaxies Shahbazian 4", 1990, Pis'ma v Astron.Zhurnal, 16, р.995

(R.Lyds, (USA),A.Amirkhanian).

131. "Spectrophotometrical investigation of the galaxу Mark 7", 1990, Astrofizika, 32, 245(A.Burenkov(Russia).

132. "A study of the copact group of galaxies Shahbazian 4", 1990, Proceed. IAU Colloq.No124, Touskaluza, USA, p.133.

133. "Spectrophotometric study of galaxy Mark.325", 1990, Proceed.Special Astrophy. Obs.Russian AS, v.32, р.16,

(A.Burenkov,E.Nazarov(Russia).

134. "Optical and radio observations of galaxies with megamaser emission", 1990, Proceed.IAU Symp.No146, Paris, France,

(R.Kandalian,N.Andreassian,G.Ohanian).

135. "On the superassociations on the ends of the bars of spiral galaxies", 1991, Pis'ma v Astron.Zhurnal, 17, 1082, (A.Mahtesian).

136. "The structure of central regions of some galaxies with UV-excess.II.", 1991, Astrofizika, 34, 379 (K.Sahakian,H.Abramian).

137. "On the generation, structure and evolution of the modons in the rotating gaseous gravitating systems", 1994, in "The Cold

Universe", Proceed.of XIII Moriond Astroph.Meeting. Ed.by Th.Montmerle et al., pp. 357-366, (A.Fridman(Russia),M.Abramian))

138. "The morphology and kinematics of 16 Markarian galaxies with multiple nuclei". Paper I: Basic Data.1995, Ap.Journ.Suppl.Ser.,

v.99, 461-500. (T.Nordgren,G.Helou,J. Chengalur and Ye.Terzian(all from USA)).

139. "The influence of surroundings on the morphology of galaxies", 1995, Astronom.

Nachrichten, 316, No3, 143, (A.Mahtessian,V.Movsessian and H.Tiersch(Germany)).

140. "Coherence between Seyfert galaxies and their surroundings", 1995, Astronom.Nachrichten, v.316, No5,

(A.Mahtessian,H.Tiersch (Germany))

141. "A linkup between Seyferts and their surroundings", 1996, Proceed.IAU Symp.No.171, (A.Mahtessian, H.Tiersch (Germany)).

142. "On the mechanism of origination of samplementary emission components in Hydroge lines

in the spectra of AGN", 1998, Astrofizika, 41, pp. 321-330, (V.Ambartsumian, N.Yengibarian).

143. "On the Ambartsumian's concept on activity of nuclei of galaxies", 1998, Transactions of Armenian National Academy of

Sciences, 98, No.3, p.239.

144. " Markarian and Seyfert galaxies", 1999, Proceed. IAU Symp. No.194., p.123.

145. "Rapid Variations in the Broad H-beta Profile of the Radio galaxy 3C 390.3". 1999,Proceed. IAU Symp. No.194, p.406.(N.Asatrian,

P.Notny(Germany)).

146. "Rapid Profile Variations in the Broad H-alfa Line of the Seyfert Galaxy Markarian 6". 1999, Proceed. IAU Symp. No.194. p. 409.

( N.Asatrian, P.Notny (Germany)).

147. " Markarian’s First Survey (FBS). Some Most Interesting Objects ". 2002, Proceed.IAU Coll. No.184, p.3.

148. "Rapid Variations in the Broad H-beta Profile of the Radio Galaxy 3C 390.3: Possible Evidence for Turbulence in the Accretion Disk", 2002,

Proceed. IAU Coll.No.184, p. 357 (N.Asatrian, P.Notny(Germany)).

149. "Rapid Variations in the Broad H-alfa Profile of the Seyfert Galaxy Markarian 6: Possible Evidence for Turbulence in the Accretion

Disk", 2002, IAU Coll. No.184, p.359 (N.Asatrian, P.Notny (Germany)).

150. "Polarimetrical investigation of stellar associations," 2002, Astrofizika, 45, 387, (M.Eritsian, R.Hovhannessian).

151. "Double Nuclei and “TDGs “ : Colliding or Activity of Nucleus Monster Galaxy?",

2004, Proceed. of IAU GA Symp. No 217, p.458 (Ye.Terzian (USA)).

152. "The distribution of early type stars and dust matter discovered in the direction of

cluster NGC 2175". 2005, Astrofizika, 48, 45. ( R.Hovhannessian, R.Epremian).

153. "Spectrophotometrical investigation of the region around the galaxies Markarian 261and 262.", 2005, Astrofizika, 48, 503 (L.Sargisian).

154. "On variability of Markarian 6 “. 2005, In Proceedings of the International Conference "AGN VARIABILITY FROM X-RAYS

TO RADIO WAVES". Crimean Obs., Ukraina, Eds. Gaskell C.M., McHardy, Peterson B. M. and Sergeev S. G., ASP-CS

Conference, vol. 360, pp. 259-262. ( N.Yengibarian).

155. "Multi-nuclei Markarian galaxies and energy of nuclei “, 2006, MNRAS, 368, 461-470 (Ye.Terrzian, G.Ter-Gazarian et al.)

156. "The spectral and photometrical study of compact group of compact galaxies", 2007, Astrofizika, ( A.Amirkhanian, E.G.Yegikian ).

157. " Investigation the nature of parametrs of interstellar polarization of stars". 2007, Astrofizika ( M.A.Eritsian, G.A.Pogosian).

158. "The velocity field in the galaxy Markarian 8 with hight spead star formation regions", 2007, Astrofizika, (T. .Movsessian).

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